The most important of these names was the nomen gentilicium, or simply nomen, a hereditary surname that identified a person as a member of a distinct gens.This was preceded by the praenomen, or "forename", a personal name that served to distinguish between the different members of a family.For example, a Roman named Publius Lemonius might have sons named Publius, Lucius, and Gaius … From the earliest period it was common to both the In Latin, most nomina were formed by adding an adjectival suffix, usually Although originally a personal name, the cognomen frequently became hereditary, especially in large families, or Cognomina are known from the beginning of the Republic, but were long regarded as informal names, and omitted from most official records before the second century BC. But, as in other ancient societies, Roman women played little role in public life, so the factors that resulted in the continuation of men's praenomina did not exist for women.

Doubtless some cognomina were used ironically, while others continued in use largely because, whatever their origin, they were useful for distinguishing among individuals and between branches of large families. The ancestor of the family was said to have been a 6th-century BC Sabine leader named Attius Clausus, who adopted the name Appius Claudius upon becoming a Roman citizen. They were not normally chosen by the persons who bore them, but were earned or bestowed by others, which may account for the wide variety of unflattering names that were used as cognomina. In ancient Roman times, this was the name of your clan. Individual cognomina could also be used to distinguish between members of the same family; even as siblings came to share the same praenomen, they bore different cognomina, some from the paternal line, and others from their maternal ancestors.Although the nomen was a required element of Roman nomenclature down to the end of the western empire, its usefulness as a distinguishing name declined throughout imperial times, as an increasingly large portion of the population bore nomina such as By the sixth century, traditional Roman cognomina were frequently prefixed by a series of names with Christian religious significance. Customarily a newly enfranchised citizen would adopt the praenomen and nomen of his patron; that is, the person who had adopted or manumitted him, or otherwise procured his citizenship. Simply click again to get 22. But many such individuals retained a portion of their original names, usually in the form of cognomina. Much of its culture is still alive today in some form, as it has altered many parts of life including architecture, government and law, art, literature, warfare, and language.As far as names go, they differ quite a bit from naming conventions today.
A son might be named in honour of one of his maternal relatives, thus bringing a new name into the gens.About three dozen Latin praenomina were in use at the beginning of the Republic, although only about eighteen were common.

The emperor's stepson and eventual successor was born In subsequent generations, all reigning emperors assumed During the Empire, a variety of new naming conventions developed which, while differing, were internally coherent.Under the "High Empire", the new aristocracy began adopting two or more nomina – a practice which has been termed 'binary nomenclature'.In order to reflect an illustrious pedigree or other connections, the aristocracy expanded the binary nomenclature concept to include other nomina from an individual's paternal and maternal ancestry.The praenomen, even under the classic system, had never been particularly distinctive because of the limited number of praenomina available.The cognomen, as in Vespasian's family, then assumed the distinguishing function for individuals; where this happened, the cognomen replaced the praenomen in intimate address.Although praenomina were not adopted by the new citizens, reflecting the pre-existing decline amongst "old" Romans,Although a nomen would long be required for official purposes, and, in isolated corners of the empire and in parts of Italy, its usage would persist into the seventh century, the nomen was generally omitted from the name (even of emperors) by the third century.Two factors encouraged its frequent non-use.

This was especially true for citizens of During the Republic, a person's names were usually static and predictable, unless he were adopted into a new family or obtained a new surname.
The familia could include the triad with which we are familiar, two parents and children (biological or adopted), as well as slaves and grandparents. This number fell gradually, until by the first century AD, about a dozen praenomina remained in widespread use, with a handful of others used by particular families.Roman men were usually known by their praenomina to members of their family and household, In imperial times, the praenomen became increasingly confused by the practices of the aristocracy. Because few families were admitted to the patriciate after the Since the primary purpose of adoption was to preserve the name and status of the adopter, an adopted son would usually assume both the praenomen and nomen of his adoptive father, together with any hereditary cognomina, just as an eldest son would have done. Addition…


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